[lophyxp]

首先，确定你的主板上的codecs芯片是什么。这没有什么好的办法。要么，你打开机箱自己看；要么，到windows下用everest软件，在“windows音频”里面可以看到。在linux下查看codecs芯片型号方法，我暂时没有找到。

然后，修改你的/etc/modprob.conf文件。
在

alias snd-card-0 snd-hda-intel

后面添加

options snd-hda-intel model=3stack-dig

其中红字部分，是codecs芯片的运行模式。codecs芯片支持的运行模式，到内核源代码中的/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt文件查找，一般每个codecs芯片会列出好几个支持的运行模式，一个一个试试就能找到适合自己主板的。

配置好以后，重启，就可以有声音了。
=============分隔线，路过- -===============
以下是$kernel/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt关于snd-hda-intel模块的有关说明。在此贴出来，大家不用费神自己找ALSA-Configuration.txt文件了。

    Module snd-hda-intel
    --------------------

    Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8),
    ATI SB450, SB600, RS600,
    VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
    SIS966, ULI M5461

    model - force the model name
    position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
    single_cmd - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
    codecs (for debugging only)
    enable_msi - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)

    This module supports one card and autoprobe.

    Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
    If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
    configuration is set up. You can pass "model=" option to
    specify a certain model in such a case. There are different
    models depending on the codec chip.

    Model name Description
    ---------- -----------
    ALC880
    3stack 3-jack in back and a headphone out
    3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
    5stack 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
    5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
    6stack 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
    6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out
    w810 3-jack
    z71v 3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)
    asus 3-jack (ASUS Mobo)
    asus-w1v ASUS W1V
    asus-dig ASUS with SPDIF out
    asus-dig2 ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)
    uniwill 3-jack
    F1734 2-jack
    lg LG laptop (m1 express dual)
    lg-lw LG LW20/LW25 laptop
    tcl TCL S700
    clevo Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)
    test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
    adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with
    $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    ALC260
    hp HP machines
    hp-3013 HP machines (3013-variant)
    fujitsu Fujitsu S7020
    acer Acer TravelMate
    basic fixed pin assignment (old default model)
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    ALC262
    fujitsu Fujitsu Laptop
    hp-bpc HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
    benq Benq ED8
    basic fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    ALC882/885
    3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
    6stck-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
    arima Arima W820Di1
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    ALC883/888
    3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
    6stack-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
    3stack-6ch 3-jack 6-channel
    3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
    6stack-dig-demo 6-jack digital for Intel demo board
    acer Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    ALC861/660
    3stack 3-jack
    3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
    6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF I/O
    3stack-660 3-jack (for ALC660)
    uniwill-m31 Uniwill M31 laptop
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    CMI9880
    minimal 3-jack in back
    min_fp 3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
    full 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
    full_dig 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
    allout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    AD1981
    basic 3-jack (default)
    hp HP nx6320
    thinkpad Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60

    AD1986A
    6stack 6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
    3stack 3-stack, shared surrounds
    laptop 2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
    laptop-eapd 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)

    AD1988
    6stack 6-jack
    6stack-dig ditto with SPDIF
    3stack 3-jack
    3stack-dig ditto with SPDIF
    laptop 3-jack with hp-jack automute
    laptop-dig ditto with SPDIF
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

    STAC9200/9205/9220/9221/9254
    ref Reference board
    3stack D945 3stack
    5stack D945 5stack + SPDIF

    STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
    ref Reference board
    3stack D965 3stack
    5stack D965 5stack + SPDIF

    STAC9872
    vaio Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
    vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR

    If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
    matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
    subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
    ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").

    Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
    position_fix=1 or 2. position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
    register value without FIFO size correction as the current
    DMA pointer. position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
    the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
    (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
    position buffer.)

    NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
    loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
    routing). Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi". Also, you
    can try "single_cmd=1" module option. This will switch the
    communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
    single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB. Basically, the
    single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
    unsolicited events, too. But, at least, this works independently
    from the irq. Remember this is a last resort, and should be
    avoided as much as possible...

    The power-management is supported.

附：关于如何阅读ALSA-Configuration.txt文件。
ALSA-Configuration.txt文件被分成了很多小节，每个小节看起来想这个样子。

    ALC883/888
    3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
    6stack-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
    3stack-6ch 3-jack 6-channel
    3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
    6stack-dig-demo 6-jack digital for Intel demo board
    acer Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
    auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

其中，第一行ALC883/888是codecs的名字；
下面每一行是一个该codecs支持的运行模式；
3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O
其中红字部分是模式名字，是我们需要写道mode=后面的东西；绿色部分是对该模式的解释说明。

追加：关于“Realtek ALC883 在 F7 中自动有声了!”
我也发现，在安装F7的时候，对于使用snd-hda-intel驱动的声卡，在进行“首次运行配置（first boot）”的时候，侦测声卡可以出声，但是重启以后就没有声音了。不过，安装我的方法配置一遍，应该能就可以了。

[dfasdf34fsdf]

Realtek ALC883 在 F7 中自动有声了!

[softer]

太感谢了，终于出声了。

[jackyroo]

太感谢啦，我都快哭了，费尽心思，终于把驱动装齐了
原来改过modprobe.conf后还要重启，汗........

[dfasdf34fsdf]

我测试了一下，ALC 883 FC6 无效！

[mascot]

系统：Gentoo
声卡芯片: Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP61 High Definition Audio (rev a2)
从楼主贴出的文档来看，叫hda的声卡（High Definition Audio）分好几种：intel, ati, via, sis, nvidia，其中nvidia的比较特别，alsa直到版本1.0.13rc3才开始支持这种声卡，而linux内核直到2.6.19才开始支持这种声卡，在2.6.19的Changelog上面我找到了相关的说明，即增添了mcp61的pci id. 我在最新内核的源码中也看到了两行相关的代码。按理说，应该可以驱动的，但我没有成功，alsamixer页面显示我的声卡芯片的codec是Realtek alc880，但主板上芯片上写的是alc860，但在内核的alsa文档中目前还没有alc860的记录（我的内核版本是最新的2.6.22）， alc880的选项我逐一试了，即modprobe snd_hda_intel 后面加上model参数，一个个试，不好使.

--------------------------------------------------

补充：
我在Debian中搞定了alsa驱动：
到alsa站点下载最新版 alsa-driver-1.0.14rc2.tar.bz2 （不用内核自带的）, 直接编译　./configure && make && make install , 安装中没有加任何model参数。

[Second]

多谢楼主。
我用的系统是gentoo。

[tablea]

呵呵，我说怎么这么狂，原来真有本事。

[amalcao]

查不到codecs芯片怎么办？